EV Knowledge

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e-Mobility | EVs

EV Tech Fundamentals

• How electric powertrains work (motor types, controllers, inverters)

• Battery chemistry (Li-ion types, solid state, LFP, NMC)

• Battery management systems (BMS) and safety

• Regenerative braking and energy recovery

• Charging standards: AC vs. DC, Level 1/2, CHAdeMO, CCS, NACS, GB/T

• EV range, efficiency, and thermal management

EV Charging & Infrastructure

• Charger hardware components and power electronics

• Grid connectivity, power limits, transformer capacity

• Smart charging, load balancing, and demand response

• Charging network protocols:

• OCPP (Open Charge Point Protocol)

• OCPI (Open Charge Point Interface)

• ISO 15118 / Plug-and-Charge

• Site design and permitting processes

• Revenue models for charging networks (CPO/EMP roles)

Batteries & Energy Storage

• Battery lifecycle, degradation, and second-life use

• Fast charging impacts on battery health

• State of Health (SOH) and predictive maintenance

• Energy density, temperature sensitivity, and safety hazards

• Recycling technologies and circular economy

Fleet Electrification

• EV fleet selection and TCO modeling

• Depot charging design

• Telematics and real-time monitoring

• Charging scheduling algorithms

• Fleet routing optimization, battery levels, chargers, load

Grid, Energy Systems & Smart Cities

• Grid capacities and constraints

• Renewable energy integration (solar + storage + EV).

• Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G), Vehicle-to-Home (V2H), Vehicle-to-Building (V2B)

• Microgrids and distributed energy resources (DER)

• Peak shaving and load shifting

Regulations & Standards

• Local EV incentives, rebates, and tax credits (IRA in the USA, etc.)

• Safety standards for EVs and chargers (UL, IEC, SAE)

• ISO/IEC cybersecurity standards for mobility

• Government requirements for public chargers

• Interoperability and roaming frameworks

Business Models & Market Landscape

• CPO (Charge Point Operator), EMP (e-Mobility Provider) structures

• Subscription vs. pay-per-use charging models

• Dynamic pricing & energy arbitrage

• Partnerships with OEMs, utilities, oil & gas companies

• Public-private infrastructure strategies

Data & Software Systems

• Telemetry and CAN bus data

• Predictive maintenance models

• Charger management systems (CMS)

• Payment integration, roaming, and identity management

• AI/ML for charging optimization, routing, grid balancing

Manufacturing & Supply Chain

• Battery supply chain and critical minerals

• EV manufacturing processes and quality control

• Charging hardware supply chain risks

• Reliability, testing, and certification processes

User Experience & Mobility Trends

• Range anxiety and charging behavior

• Mobile app UX for EV drivers

• Shared mobility: e-bikes, scooters, and EV car-sharing.

• Smart city integration (parking, traffic, charging